Dairy is a strategic commodity and crucial for rural development, poverty reduction, and food and nutrition security in Rwanda. Dairy offers a path out of poverty for Rwandan households with livestock, and for those who provide services and value addition to the supply chain. Despite progress in the dairy sector, challenges remain. Farmers have low milk productivity due to poor animal nutrition, poor access to extension services and animal health care, and poor access to improved animal breeds. Farmer organizations need to work together to sell their milk and need access to inputs and services. Farmers need better management skills (for milk collection, processing, marketing) and access to finance.